As schools reopen and COVID-19 cases begin to rise once again, parents are understandably concerned about how to keep their children safe. From common viral infections (in all probability, Influenza) to more severe illnesses such as COVID-19, Leptospirosis (Rat fever) , school-going children are exposed to a variety of pathogens every day. 

While complete prevention isn’t possible, timely precautions and awareness can make a significant difference.

Why School Increases the Risk of Infection

Schools are social hubs where children are in close contact with each other for extended hours. This makes them ideal environments for the spread of airborne and contact-based illnesses. 

Surfaces like desks, doorknobs, and shared stationery can harbor viruses and bacteria, while poor ventilation can increase the risk of airborne respiratory illnesses, including COVID-19.

Common illnesses during the school year include:

• COVID-19 and influenza
• Stomach viruses (like rotavirus or norovirus)
• Upper respiratory tract infections
• Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
• Hand-foot-mouth disease
• Strep throat(Tonsillitis)
• Head lice (though not illness-related) are still a contagious concern.

When Should You Keep Your Child Home?

The decision to keep a child home isn’t always clear-cut. While it's tempting to send them to school for minor symptoms, certain signs warrant caution. 

1. Fever

• A fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher is a sign of infection.
• Children should remain at home until they have been fever-free for at least 24 hours without the use of fever-reducing medications like paracetamol 

2. Vomiting and Diarrhea

• These symptoms are often caused by viral gastroenteritis and can spread quickly.
• Wait at least 24–48 hours after the last episode before sending your child back to school, and encourage them to take WHO ORS or home available, tolerable salty fluids 

3. Persistent Cough or Breathing Difficulty

A mild cold may not be cause for alarm, but a constant or severe cough, wheezing, or shortness of breath could indicate something more serious, like RSV, flu, or COVID-19.

4. Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

If your child has red, itchy eyes with yellow/green discharge, keep them home and consult a pediatrician.

5. Fatigue and General Unwellness

If your child seems unusually tired, irritable, or unable to focus, it may be best to keep them home and monitor their symptoms.

COVID-19 in Children

COVID-19 continues to be a significant concern. While many children experience only mild symptoms, others, particularly those with underlying conditions like asthma or diabetes, are at risk of complications. Symptoms to watch for include:

• Fever
• Cough
• Runny nose
• Fatigue
• Sore throat
• Diarrhea or vomiting
• Loss of taste or smell (less common in young children)

If your child tests positive:

• Keep them isolated at home for at least 3 days.
• Ensure they are fever-free for 24 hours without medication before considering return to school.
• Consult your pediatrician to determine whether further evaluation is needed.

Amrita’s Infectious Diseases specialists recommend COVID-19 vaccination for all eligible children, along with boosters as per government guidelines. Our paediatric team is available for consultations on vaccination schedules and safety.

Preventive Measures Parents Can Take

1. Reinforce Hand Hygiene

Teach your child to:

• Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
• Use hand sanitizer when washing isn't possible.
• Avoid touching their face, especially the eyes, nose, and mouth.

2. Masking and Respiratory Etiquette

• Encourage your child to wear a well-fitting mask in crowded indoor spaces.
• Teach them to cough or sneeze into their elbow or a tissue.

3. Nutritious Diet and Hydration

A balanced diet strengthens immunity. Include:

• Fresh fruits and vegetables
• Whole grains
• Yogurt and other probiotics
• Sufficient water intake
• Avoid excess sugar and processed foods, which can lower immunity.

4. Adequate Sleep and Stress Management

Sleep is crucial for immune function. Ensure your child gets:

• 9–11 hours of sleep (for children aged 6–13)
• Regular bedtime routines
• Opportunities for outdoor play and emotional expression

Is It Just a Cold? Or Something More?

Colds are common and typically mild. However, if your child develops a high fever, severe headache, earache, or a hacking cough, it could be a sign of a more serious infection. 

As kids head back to school, it’s important to know when they should stay home due to illness. For example, a mild cough without a fever is usually just a cold and doesn’t require staying home. But if your child has a fever, vomiting, pink eye, or a rash with fever, it’s best to keep them home and consult a doctor. Seasonal allergies, like a runny nose or itchy throat, are okay if the symptoms are mild. Knowing these signs helps keep everyone safe and healthy at school.

If in doubt, consult your paediatrician. Remember to encourage them to read the print version rather than the screen version while taking a rest at home

When to Visit Amrita Hospital, Kochi

You should consult or visit our Pediatrics department if 

• Persistent fever for more than 3 days
• Breathing difficulty
• A severe or worsening cough
• Dehydration signs (e.g., dry mouth, low urine output)
• Rash with fever
• Symptoms of COVID-19 or have tested positive
• Complications from previous illnesses

Our compassionate team ensures that your child receives safe, accurate, and timely care, minimizing school absences while maximizing recovery.